In the upper body the serratus anterior works eccentrically to prevent winging of the scapula.
2.
In addition, any condition causing weakness of the serratus anterior muscle may cause scapular " winging ".
3.
In cursorial animals, the thorax is hanging between the scapulae at the serratus anterior and pectoralis muscles.
4.
Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual muscles from the basal unit formed by the serratus anterior.
5.
Antagonists to this function ( upward rotators of the scapulae ) are the serratus anterior and lower fibers of the trapezius.
6.
The serratus anterior also plays an important role in the upward rotation of the scapula, such as when lifting a weight overhead.
7.
An abnormally protruding inferior angle of the scapula is known as a winged scapula and can be caused by paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.
8.
If the lower fibers are inactive, the serratus anterior and upper trapezius work in tandem with rhomboids and levators to elevate the entire scapula.
9.
The upper and lower trapezius fibers also work in tandem with the serratus anterior to upwardly rotate the scapulae, such as during an overhead press.
10.
Therefore, in climbing animals, the serratus anterior supports the scapula against the reaction forces of the free limb and exerts high bending forces on the ribs.
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